In the beginning years of life, children grow rapidly in many ways. There are physical, cognitive, affective, social and spiritual developments. Infants and toddlers show certain characteristics which are then further developed in the later years of childhood and which contribute to their understanding of human sexuality.
Characteristics of Early Childhood
Infants and toddlers discover the body through looking and touching, and through growing in their ability to control bodily functions. They learn to express themselves through word and gesture, music, dance and role playing; their natural curiosity and imagination motivate their cognitive learning as well as their spiritual development.
As they progress through the later stage of early childhood, children achieve more independence in caring for their bodies. As they begin to accept themselves as unique persons, children also come to a clearer understanding of their identity as boys or girls. Their ability to ask questions, make choices, know right from wrong, and accept responsibility for their actions is evident in their behavior. Spiritually, children begin to pray formally and spontaneously, trusting in God who loves and cares for them.
In the early childhood stage, it is important for children to have around them significant adults for purposes of bonding, nurturing, and guiding. Parents and guardians provide a sense of security for children; they help children accept themselves without guilt or shame.
Socially, young children begin to move from total self-centeredness to a limited sense of others. They begin the process of socialization through interaction with siblings, friends, and significant adults. Children’s ability to share and also to experience and express forgiveness is learned best from adults and from relationships with their peers.
Guidelines for Formation in Human Sexuality during Early Childhood
1. Each child has the right to life, bodily integrity, and the means for proper development. Parents
and guardians need to understand the physical, cognitive, afffective, social and spiritual
development of young children.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• provide a wholesome and safe environment.
• demonstrate to children that they are loved, valued, cherished and prized.
• provide the first experiences of God’s love, communicated through the love of family
members for one another and for the child.
• help children develop a personal relationship with God, especially through prayer.
2. The body is a sacred gift. Parents and guardians should help children be comfortable with
their bodies.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• teach children proper names for body parts.
• instruct children to respect and care for their own bodies, including proper hygiene, good
eating habits, exercise and sleep.
• teach children to respect other people’s bodies.
• explain the difference between appropriate and inappropriate touch.
3. At this age children are naturally curious about their bodies and the bodies of others. Parents and
guardians need to affirm the goodness of their children’s bodies.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• understand the naturalness of children’s actions, especially their
curiosity about body functions and sexual parts.
• accept children’s actions that are natural, while assisting them to know
what is appropriate and inappropriate behavior.
4. Younger children are highly impressionable. Parents and guardians need to create a wholesome
environment that will foster the child’s growth and development in human sexuality.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• moderate and supervise children’s access to television, video and print media.
• be alert to nonverbal communication as well as direct questions.
• be discreet regarding your own sexual behavior.
• be selective in choosing care-givers for children.
5. Building a child’s self-esteem begins at birth and is a foundation for all levels of development. At
this stage of development, parents and guardians need to recognize and respect the uniqueness
of each child.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• enable children to accept themselves as total persons, created by God, with both strengths and
limitations.
• help children distinguish between persons who by nature are good and their behavior, which may
be undesirable.
• respect the dignity of children verbally, physically and emotionally.
6. At this stage children develop trust by relating with significant adults. Parents and guardians need
to be open, honest, available and caring.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• answer questions honestly, correctly and with language children can understand.
• give parental warmth and affection, especially through the sense of touch.
• spend significant time with each child.
• provide opportunities for children to interact with adults outside the home.
7. Young children learn through observation and experience. Parents and guardians need to be
good role models.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• provide opportunities for children to witness loving relationships.
• help children experience single persons and celibate persons as living
beings.
8. Making choices is the basis for moral decision-making and the formation of conscience. Parents
and guardians should provide children with situations that help them practice making choices.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• allow children to make simple choices that will develop a pattern of making free choices.
• give gentle, ongoing guidance on what is morally good.
• help children learn the consequences of actions and choices.
• provide a healthy balance between structured and free play.
• help children distinguish between safe and dangerous situations.
9. In early childhood children are curious about the differences between boys (men) and girls
(women). Parents and guardians need to affirm the equality of men and women in word, attitude
and action.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• create an atmosphere that includes loving modeling by adults or both genders.
• foster appropriate use of inclusive language.
• appreciate the equality and mutuality of men and women.
• explore gender roles regarding work and family life.
• provide a variety of role models.
• allow children to discover various ways to play and interact.
• accept children without stereotyped role and gender expectations.
> Download this section as a checklist here.
• • •
This developmental stage builds on early childhood. Some of the characteristics will overlap, as will some of the guidelines. Children in this stage of development will possess varying degrees of maturity and readiness for education in human sexuality. Parents and guardians need to make adaptations accordingly.
Characteristics of Childhood
Middle Childhood. In the middle stage of childhood (approximately ages six to eight), children have vivid imaginations and are usually curious and eager to learn. As they grow physically, children develop a heightened sense of sexual differentiation and they need to be reassured of their specialness and goodness in being a boy or a girl.
Peer relationships become increasingly important, while family maintains its significance. Through these relationships, children develop appropriate social skills as well as the qualities required in being a friend to others.
While children in this stage have a tendency to be self-centered, they are able to cooperate and assume responsibility. Rules and guidelines begin to influence their behavior. Spiritually, children are attracted to image of Jesus, stories from Scripture, and opportunities for prayer and ritual celebration.
Later Childhood. In the later stage of childhood (usually ages nine to eleven), children are in a period of relative physical stability. They are either growing at a steady rate or in small spurts. (Some children will experience the onset of puberty earlier than others. In that case, there will be evidence of a growing self-consciousness about the body, preoccupation with secondary sexual characteristics, and a heightened sense of competition related to physical growth and appearance.)
In later childhood, peer group relationships and values become more important as does the need for acceptance. Socially, there is a tendency toward seeking friends of the same sex, while some boys and girls will begin to develop relationships with the opposite sex.
At this time in their lives, children develop cognitive abilities and begin to process abstract ideas and values. they are able to discuss issues, analyse situations, and draw conclusions. Children in later childhood possess an increased capacity to appreciate the need for rules so as to ensure an orderliness in their lives and relationships. They are developing a greater awareness of what is morally right and of their own strengths and limitations; they are learning to make reasonable choices and are growing in their awareness and concern for other persons.
Spiritually, children in later childhood are growing in their knowledge and understanding of God, Church, sacraments, Scripture, Christian living, and of themselves as unique persons created by God. Prayer and celebration continue to be a major focus of their religious expression.
Guidelines for Formation in Human Sexuality during Childhood
1. At this age children can experience the life-enriching qualities of belonging to a loving Christian
community of family and church. Parents and guardians need to support and create environments
in which children can grow.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• provide opportunities for families to learn, pray and socialize.
• help children recognize how love creates life and helps it grow.
• affirm human relationships that are faithful and trusting, especially those of parents and family
members.
• invite adults who are good role models to share their time and gifts with children.
2. Because children at this age are still greatly influenced by their parents and families, parents and
guardians need to understand and accept their responsibility as primary educators of their
children.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• be involved in planning and evaluating programs in human sexuality.
• learn how to communicate effectively with their children, especially about issues involving human
sexuality.
• take advantage of opportunities for intergenerational experience and learning.
3. At this age children are trying to understand their own growth in sexuality. Parents and guardians
need to provide opportunities for children to learn about and respond to this growth.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• teach children about their developing bodies and help them understand basic physiological and
biological processes.
• help children develop habits of caring for the body.
• help children understand the importance of modesty, self-discipline, and the need for privacy.
4. Children are conscious of growing friendships in their lives at this age. Parents and guardians
need to affirm children as they experience new feelings and encourage them to appreciate and
deal with these feelings.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• help children relaste to persons of the same and opposite sex.
• teach skills of honest communication, listening, sharing, forgiving and trusting.
• affirm the equality of men and women in word, attitude, and action.
• help children become more conscious of barriers in relationships, such as cultural stereotyping.
5. Children at this age have an increasing understanding of what is right and wrong. Parents and
guardians need to help children recognize that some behavior is harmful and unacceptable to
growth in relationships, and to realize their own goodness as God intends them to be.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• assist children to recognize that they are loved and are able to love others.
• enable children to reflect on their experiences of being loved by family and friends.
• help children identify genuine and appropriate expressions of love.
• instruct children on how to express love for others in a genuine and appropriate way.
• teach children how to accept and love others who are different from themselves.
• enable children to celebrate forgiveness in the sacrament of Reconciliation and in everyday life.
6. At this age children have a growing sense of God and Church. Parents and guardians need to
help children integrate their beliefs and values into their ongoing education in human sexuality.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to:
• connect family faith life with more formal instruction in faith.
• teach children to pray based on their life experience.
• help children understand their growing relationship with God.
• prepare children for the sacraments of Eucharist and Reconciliation.
• familiarize children with Scripture and how it applies to their lives.
7. Children are influenced by television, videos and other media. Parents and guardians must learn
how to talk with their children about the values and attitudes that the media portrays.
At this stage in a child’s development, it is important to address such issues as:
• sexist attitudes.
• portrayal of sex as a commodity.
• sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
• sexual abuse of children and adults.
• sexual orientation.
• sexual role models.
• family role models
• experiences of brokenness, separation, death and loss.
> > Download this section as a checklist here.
• • •
This developmental stage builds on childhood. Some of the characteristics will overlap, as will some of the guidelines. Youth in this stage of development will possess varying degrees of maturity and of readiness for education in human sexuality. Parents and guardians need to make adaptations accordingly.
Characteristics of Early Adolescence
The early adolescent development stage usually occurs during or just before the earliest teenage years. Physical and emotional changes and growth are accelerated.
Usually, young adolescents experience the initiation of rapid physical growth while their psychological and emotional growth is well on the way. During this period of physical growth, it is likely that early adolescents feel awkward, confused, and uneasy about their bodies.
At this time in their lives, early adolescents become intensely concerned about their self-identity and are interested in learning more about themselves, which leads them through a period of self-consciousness.
Early adolescents tend to initiate their move toward independence. They seek out others like themselves and move beyond the family circle. Concern for self and peer relationships are both quite important at this stage, so they find themselves most comfortable with others of their own age and sex, but gain more confidence and comfort in mixed groups.
Thoughts and feelings about their own human sexuality become prominent in the life of early adolescents. This heightened awareness of their sexual attributes normally causes increased anxiety, confusion, and fear about these personal developments.
In the area of decision making, early adolescents often may question traditional rules and struggle to make personal decisions, even though they lack the experiences that would help them anticipate the possible consequences of their decisions.
At this stage of their spiritual development, early adolescents seek a more personal relationship with God. This relationship is often nourished by the faith of the family and the sacraments of the Church. Involvement of young adolescents in the life or formal religious activities of the Church depends to a large measure on parental encouragement and support, as well as peer participation. Early adolescents tend to become active participants in church life and ministry if their parents are involved and if encouraged by personal or peer group invitation.
Guidelines for Formation in Human Sexuality During Early Adolescence
1. Because early adolescents at this stage may differ in their maturity level in many areas, it is
important for parents and guardians to be sensitive to the need to adapt instructional material,
methods and consideration of times when same sex or individual instruction is more appropriate.
At this stage in a child’s development it is important to:
• teach early adolescents respect for their bodies.
• explain to early adolescents the nature of personal maturation.
• help early adolescents deal with their own growth, maturation, and the consequent psychological
effects
• reaffirm for early adolescents the value of personal modesty.
2. Because early adolescence presents youth with many new experiences, both physical and
emotional (e.g., menstruation and nocturnal emissions), parents and guardians need to assist them
in making sense of these new experiences in ways that respect the early adolescence experience
and honor the dignity of sexuality from a Catholic perspective.
At this stage in a child’s development it is important to:
• reassure early adolescents that sexual attraction is natural and normal.
• instruct early adolescents on proper hygiene and health care for their bodies.
• assist early adolescents to develop good nutritional habits and regular exercise routines.
• inform early adolescents of the health hazard that smoking presents.
• educate early adolescents about the harmful effects of alcohol and drug abuse on physical and
mental health.
3. Because physical growth is such a dominant concern at this stage, it is especially important for
parents and guardians to teach the purpose, respect and care of the body.
At this stage in a child’s development it is important to:
• provide early adolescents with an understanding of the biological processes of the body,
appropriate to their stage of development.
• teach early adolescents the basic facts of human fertility and reproduction in the context of
Christian marriage.
• extoll the virtue of chastity and the right of early adolescents to bodily integrity, include respect for
and from others.
4. Because early adolescents are becoming more aware of the power of their own sexuality, parents
and guardians need to help them understand that the human person is called to experience and
express love by means of the body in appropriate and respectful ways.
At this stage in a child’s development it is important to:
• reassure early adolescents that they have the capacity both to love and to be loved.
• assist early adolescents to recognize the role and model of parents and family regarding love and
relationships.
• instruct early adolescents in the appropriate ways of expressing love physically and emotionally.
• teach early adolescents that Christian marriage is the context in which love is expressed fully by
means of the body.
5. Because early adolescents look for guides and adult models, it is necessary for parents and
guardians to tell the story of Jesus and other holy people who show us how to appreciate, make
decisions about, and live out the gift of human sexuality.
At this stage in a child’s development it is important to:
• encourage early adolescents to become familiar with the life and story of Jesus as the model for
personal maturity, friendships, and relational skills.
• make available to early adolescents the lives of the saints for inspiration and as models for
imitation.
• identify and foster adult role models and mentors in the family, school, church and local
community.
6. Because the gifts of sexuality and sex can be abused, it is timely for parents and guardians to
reaffirm that some touches are inappropriate and may constitute sexual abuse, and to give
guidance on how to resist the temptations of immoral, aberrant, and inappropriate sexual behavior.
At this stage in a child’s development it is important to:
• teach early adolescents how to deal morally with pornographic literature, abusive language, and
the exploitation of sex and sexuality in movies, television, music, videos and other forms of
entertainment.
• inform early adolescents about the Church’s teaching and pastoral approach to the issue of
masturbation.
• instruct early adolescents on the Church’s tradition regarding genital sex outside of marriage.
• inform early adolescents of the nature and effects of sexually transmitted diseases.
• provide a simple explanation of church teaching regarding heterosexuality and homosexuality.
7. Because early adolescents may begin to explore, experiment, and experience their sexuality in new
ways, parents and guardians need to explain Catholic moral principles and teach them the moral
decision-making process.
At this stage in a child’s development it is important to:
• teach early adolescents the art of moral decision-making, moving from values to general norms to
application in specific moral situations.
• provide early adolescents with the necessary resources for the formation of a good conscience
(e.g., Scripture, church teachings, prudent counsel).
• assist early adolescents in developing a sense of personal and social responsibility concerning
the consequences of their choices and actions.
• prepare early adolescents for the reception of the sacraments.
• encourage early adolescents to receive the sacraments of Reconciliation and Eucharist regularly.
> Download this section as a checklist here.
• • •
This developmental stage builds on early adolescence. Some of the characteristics will overlap, as will some of the guidelines. Since young adults in this stage of development will express many levels of maturity, parents and guardians need to make adaptations accordingly.
Characteristics of Adolescence
Adolescence is a time of intense physical, emotional, intellectual, social and spiritual growth. The rapid physical changes include growth in height, weight, muscle, and sexual characteristics. These changes have a profound effect on the emotional, psychological and relational development of adolescents. During this stage, young adults discover themselves primarily through their interpersonal relationships. What was once a self-centeredness in childhood begins to give way to concern for others.
Issues such as the quality of male and female relationships, the peer and adult models that impress adolescents, and the variety of human experience that surrounds adolescents take on new significance. This step in growth is fluid, and, therefore, the adolescent experience is not always a step-by-step movement. Personal choice becomes even more of a reality due to increased independence, expanding personal freedom, and a desire for autonomy. New experiences and concerns related to dating, infatuation, physical affection, sexual orientation, parental limits, and church guidelines all challenge adolescents to find answers for new questions. The adolescent experience is a growing awareness that important choices are being made daily.
Adolescents, too, are becoming more capable of abstract thought, challenging argumentation, and private spirituality. Searching for an authentic spirituality, adolescents are increasingly aware of their inner life and are becoming aware of universal moral principles. In short, adolescents are building the necessary components of their future adult life. As such, their thinking, choices and actions about sex and sexuality become a more complex process. Added to this is their increased awareness of fairness, justice and equality. They are awakening to the transcendent.
Guidelines for Formation in Human Sexuality During Adolescence
1. Because this may be the last opportunity for adolescents to receive formal education in sexuality,
parents and educators need to provide positive instruction about the wonder of the human body,
sexual functioning, fertility, and reproduction, and how to appreciate and care for their bodies in
life-giving ways.
At this stage in the young adult child’s development it is important to:
• provide the adolescent with the biological facts about human sexuality and reproductive
processes of the body.
• instruct adolescents in the unitive and procreative purposes of marriage and sexual activity in
• teach adolescents respect for their own bodies and those of others.
• encourage adolescents to develop positive hygienic practices.
• assist adolescents in developing good nutritional habits and regular exercise routines.
• inform adolescents of the harmful effects of smoking, alcohol, and other chemical substances on
the body.
2. Because love and sex are often equated, parents and guardians need to explain the full meaning
of love in the context of the gospels.
At this stage in the young adult child’s development it is important to:
• provide adolescents with a thorough explanation of the nature of love.
• distinguish for adolescents the meaning of sexuality and sex from the Catholic perspective.
3. Because Jesus showed everyone how to be fully human and how to develop friendships, parents
and guardians need to proclaim the story of Jesus.
At this stage in the young adult child’s development it is important to:
• encourage adolescents to adopt Jesus as the model for personal maturity and committed
friendships.
• recommend that adolescents find models and mentors -- mature and prudent persons in whom
they can confide.
• provide adolescents with skills to establish and maintain healthy friendships.
• instruct adolescents on the mutual responsibilities of friendship.
4. Because human beings sin they are in need of forgiveness and reconciliation. Therefore parents
and guardians need to proclaim and model God's readiness to forgive, and encourage adolescents
to reconciliation.
At this stage in the young adult child’s development it is important to:
• instruct adolescents on the nature and effects of sin, including those related to
sexuality.
• teach adolescents about God's forgiveness as expressed by Jesus in his life and ministry.
• encourage adolescents to celebrate the sacraments of Eucharist and Reconciliation regularly.
5. Because normal impulses and feelings of adolescents lead them toward sexual experimentation
and expressions, parents and guardians need to explain the Church's position on sexual intimacy;
they need to reaffirm the value of personal modesty, the avoidance of sexually suggestive
situations and entertainment, and to lend their support to adolescents making healthy and moral
choices.
At this stage in the young adult child’s development it is important to:
• promote the values of modesty and chastity among adolescents.
• instruct adolescents on what expressions of love are appropriate for his/her state of life.
• teach adolescents that genital sexual intimacy finds its proper place only in the context of
marriage.
• help adolescents to develop as a healthy and mature sexual persons who are capable of
responsible relationships and can avoid occasions of sexual immorality.
• instruct adolescents on a moral decision-making process rooted in gospel values and church
teaching.
6. Because adolescents are approaching an age when they may take on the permanent commitment
of marriage, parents and guardians need to provide information and instruction on marriage from
the Catholic perspective.
At this stage in the young adult child’s development it is important to:
• teach and model for adolescents wholesome personal relationships with persons of the same and
opposite sex.
• provide a course of instruction for adolescents on engagement, marriage, and parenting from a
Catholic perspective.
• inform adolescents of the Catholic Church's teaching and pastoral approaches regarding divorce,
annulment and remarriage.
7. Because the Church provides guidance to adolescents about objective right and wrong and is an
integral resource in their conscience formation, parents and guardians need to inform adolescents
about the Church's teachings in contemporary moral issues.
At this stage in the young adult child’s development it is important to:
• instruct adolescents on the Church's teaching concerning masturbation, non-marital sex, and
contraception.
• teach adolescents how to deal morally with pornography and the exploitation of sex and sexuality
in entertainment.
• provide adolescents with a simple explanation of the Church's teachings regarding reproductive
technology and sterilization.
• teach adolescents about heterosexuality and homosexuality from a Catholic perspective.
• inform adolescents of their right to bodily integrity and the need for that to be respected by
oneself and others;
• instruct adolescents on the source, nature and effects of sexually transmitted diseases.
> Download this section as a checklist here.
• • •
This developmental stage builds on adolescence. Unlike other phases, there are several stages in adulthood, not solely dependent on chronological age. These developmental stages, which are quite varied throughout the adult life-span, can be grouped basically into young, middle and older adulthood. Maturity levels will vary within age groupings, backgrounds, and life experience.
Characteristics of Adulthood
Young Adulthood. Young adulthood is a life passage filled with many changes and transitions. Career changes, emotional changes, physical changes and psychological changes make up the life of the young adult. This time of passage from adolescence to middle adulthood is a time in the life of a person when choices are verified and experimentation is often a part of coming to full maturation.
Many young adults are in the “searching faith” stage of development. They are seeking a faith that they can live by, one that is their own. Consequently, young adults question the values, beliefs and traditions of their parents. Critical during this time are mentors and “mentoring” communities, who model the values and traditions that the young adult is searching for and attempting to clarify. They foster in the young adult the establishment of an “owned faith,” and provide them with tools that will carry them through the next stage of life.
Middle Adulthood. As people move toward middle adulthood, they have a clearer sense of their identity, sexual orientation, competencies, and limitations. They bring to learning rich life experiences that serve as a resource to other people. Their continued growth as adults is dependent upon their drawing meaning out of their life experiences.
Middle adults often have attained independence and self-direction and developed a value system, but they continue to struggle with social pressures and peer approval. Most middle adults have learned to be friends and colleagues and may maintain long-standing, deeply shared relationships. They know appropriate ways of relating to other people in various settings.
Older Adulthood. As adults move through life, especially as they enter their “senior years,” they become increasingly concerned with the differences their lives will make in the order of things. They want to know and feel that their lives have been valuable. Those who have more fully matured during adulthood care especially about passing along to the next generation those things that have most enriched their lives, such as faith, values, truths, customs, organizations and institutions.
Ironically, at the same time that older adults are growing “in age, grace and wisdom,” they must face the inevitable frustrations of the aging process. Retirement from a lifetime career brings with it both loss and leisure. Older adults frequently face some degree of declining health as well as the loss through death of spouses, family members, and beloved friends. However, their sexuality needs -- to love and to be loved, to touch and to be touched -- remain throughout life. Social, educational and spiritual opportunities, focused on the special needs of older adults, are essential if we are to foster lifelong learning.
Adults at every stage examine and make choices about life-style patterns as single persons, married persons, or vowed celibates. Each life-style presents the adult with its own challenges and opportunities.
Finally, adults seek an integrated and meaningful spirituality that helps them cope with life’s challenges and establish a satisfying relationship with God.
Guidelines for Formation in Human Sexuality During the Adult Years
1. Because the sources of sexual information and formation are numerous, varied, conflicting and
sometimes so subtle as to be virtually unnoticed, adults need on-going education and formation.
At this stage in an adult person’s development it is important to:
• obtain knowledge of changing relationships in the developmental stages of adulthood.
• seek opportunities for developing good communication skills, which are essential for healthy
relationships.
• explore life-style choices (single, married, vowed religious) in light of fidelity to chastity,
commitment, and growth in intimacy with persons of the same and opposite sex.
• use one’s reasoning ability, the sources of divine revelation, the Church’s teaching and guidance,
the wise counsel of others, and one’s own individual and communal experience of grace to make
good moral decisions.
• plan times for, and learn methods of reflection, prayer and discussion as well as opportunities to
celebrate the sacraments.
• participate in Christian community-building and worship experiences.
• seek continuing knowledge about moral issues involved in reproduction,such as sterilization, new
developments in reproductive technology, spacing of children (Natural Family Planning), and
contraception.
• develop an awareness of family responsibilities, including the privilege and duty of providing a
Christian family environment in which a positive and moral understanding of human sexuality is
modeled, taught and encouraged.
• take advantage of educational opportunities which enhance parenting skills and the ability to
contribute wisely to the sexuality education of children. (In this context, parents may very well
serve as ministers to other parents and guardians.)
• be informed about sexual dysfunction, sexual abuse and sexually transmitted diseases.
• take advantage of information and formational opportunities necessary to live faithfully and
responsibly the physical, psychological, social and spiritual dimensions of life.
Related Links
> Parent's Guide to the Protection of Children and Adolescents
> What You Should Know About Protecting Your Child from Sex Abuse
> How to Talk to Children About the Church's Sex Abuse Crisis
Last Update: 06.09.22